PaPiRus is a lovely little E-Ink screen for your Raspberry Pi project. In this how-to, I’ll try to explain what you need to do to make it work on your Raspberry Pi. I started from my Ubuntu Studio 19.10, but virtual any OS will do the first steps namely installing Raspbian.
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Installing Squeezelite player on a Raspberry Pi
After running Squeezelite for some time, I thought it was time to update my Raspberry Pi to Jessie and start with a clean installation. So I downloaded the Jessie Lite image from the Raspberry Pi project site into my Downloads folder on my Ubuntu machine.
Time to open up a Terminal window and get to work…
In short we will do the following:
- Write Raspbian image to SD card
- Logon to the Raspbian Operating System
- Setup a Wireless connection to your AccessPoint
- Finalize the Raspberry Configuration
- Install rpi-update and update the Raspberry Pi firmware
- Install the Squeezelite player
- Edit the Squeezelite config file to prevent crackles from sound
- Adjust the sound volume of your Raspberry Pi
Write raspbian image to SD card
There is an excellent description on how to install Raspbian, have a look here. I used gparted to remove the old partitions from my SD card. After that I was ready to install a fresh copy Raspbian Jessie Lite.
| cd Downloads/Raspbian dd bs=4M if=./2016-05-27-raspbian-jessie.img of=/dev/sde |
When ready you can connect the Raspberry Pi with the UTP cable to your network and power it up. I used Zenmap to figure out the IP -address of the Raspberry Pi.
Logon to the Rasbian Operating System
$ ssh pi@ip-address
password: raspberry
Setup Wireless a connection to your AccessPoint
I’ve been using the TL-WN725N Wireless-N USB adapter from TP-LINK on all my Raspberry Pi projects. If you want to use WiFi, you need to configure your WPA settings (assuming you use WPA2 on your Access Point).
| sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf |
add following lines:
| network={ ssid=”The_ESSID_from_your_AccesPoint” psk=”Your_WiFi_password” } |
Finalize the Raspberry Configuration
By using the raspi-config script it is easy to configure several things on your Raspberry Pi without digging too much into the OS.
| sudo raspi-config |
– expand filesystem
– change hostname
– change password
You need to reboot the Raspberry Pi to complete the configuration. You can now disconnect the your Pi from the UTP cable. It’s quite likely that your IP address changed during the reboot, so you might need to figure out the new IP address (see above). Logon to the Raspberry Pi again using ssh (also, see above).
Install rpi-update and update the Raspberry Pi firmware
You might want to update the Raspberry Pi firmware, to be able to do that you need to install rpi-update.
| sudo apt-get install rpi-update sudo rpi-update |
Install Squeezelite player
Next thing up, is installing the Squeezelite player and some extra codecs…
| sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install squeezelite sudo apt-get install libflac-dev |
Edit the squeezelite config file to prevent crackles from sound
The Raspberry Pi is not the fastest computer around, so you need to help it a bit. You can help your Pi by increasing the ALSA buffer size.
| sudo nano /etc/default/squeezelite |
Edit following line:
| # SB_EXTRA_ARGS=”” |
and change it into (be aware of losing the hashtag!):
| SB_EXTRA_ARGS=”-a 180″ |
Adjust the sound volume of your Raspberry Pi
Make sure you have the right audio volume level on your Raspberry Pi. Ensure that the playback level has zero gain => PCM [db gain: 0.00]. Tweak the gain-level by using the arrow keys up and down, in the end you will reach the zero db gain 🙂
| alsamixer |
You can now reboot your Raspberry Pi and enjoy your music!
Suggestions for improving this article are welcome, please let me know and drop me a line .
A poor man’s dynamic DNS on a Raspberry Pi
If you want to connect to your Digital Video Recorder (DVR) or ownCloud installation from the internet, you need to know to which IP address you need to connect (See this DVR article as well). The bad thing however is that the most of us don’t have a fixed IP address on the internet (this might change in the future with IPv6). This means your IP address can change in time. There are several payed services to solve this problem like DynDNS, DuckDNS, DtDNS, No-IP, etc. Most of the time you are the only user of the services you are hosting at home, if so than there is a cheap solution.
As described above the whole thing is, that you need to know which IP address your Raspberry Pi has. The solution is to write a script that checks your external IP address and that sends you an email in case the external IP address has changed.
Login on your Raspberry Pi with SSH:
| ssh pi@your IP address cd ~ nano ./ipaddrcheck.sh |
Now copy and paste the following code to nano (of course you need to change username@domain.ext to your own email address):
| #!/bin/bash curl -o ~/newip ifconfig.co cmp ~/newip ~/oldip >/dev/null || { mv ~/newip ~/oldip mailx -s “I – IP ${HOSTNAME} changed” username@domain.ext < ~/oldip } |
Use Ctrl O to save the file
Use Ctrl X to exit the nano editor
Make let’s make the script executable:
| sudo chmod +x ./ipaddrcheck.sh |
Let me roughly explain what the script does:
It’s a bash script that checks the external IP address by using curl ifconfig.co and writes the results to a file called newip.
After that it checks whether the IP address has changed by comparing the files newip and oldip, in case the two files are not the same it sends you an email.
Now we need to install the necessary packages to sent mail:
| sudo apt-get install ssmtp heirloom-mailx |
The next thing is to configure your Raspberry Pi so it’s able to send mail. Therefore you need to add the following lines, at the end of the file /etc/nail.rc :
| sudo nano /etc/nail.rc |
Now copy and paste the following code to nano (of course you need to change: smtp.domain.ext, username@domain.ext, password and email sender’s nice name to your own email settings):
| # Smtp server set smtp-use-starttls set ssl-verify=ignore set smtp=smtp://smtp.domain.ext set smtp-auth=login set smtp-auth-user=” username@domain.ext” set smtp-auth-password=”password” set from=”email sender’s nice name” |
Use Ctrl O to save the file
Use Ctrl X to exit the nano editor
Now we need schedule and execute the script by using crontab:
| crontab -e |
Add the following line, at the end of the file (it schedules the ipaddrcheck.sh every hour):
| 0 * * * * /home/pi/ipaddrcheck.sh |
Use Ctrl O to save the file
Use Ctrl X to exit the nano editor
You can check the date and time stamp of the file ~/newip to see whether your script ran.
Changing the IP address in ~/oldip enables you to check whether emailing works, as it should send you an email the next time the sript runs.
PS. if mailing yourself doesn’t work, try editing the /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf file (as it heavily depends on your mailserver configuration).
Suggestions for improving this article are welcome, please let me know and drop me a line .
Give your Raspberry Pi a fixed IP address
Having a fixed (or static) IP address on your Raspberry Pi, comes in handy if you want to access your Raspberry Pi from the internet (for a how to about port forwarding, read this article). As you might want to use ownCloud for instance.
You can give your Raspberry Pi a fixed IP address by editting the network interfaces file.
But first, we are making a backup of the old configuration!
| sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak |
Next thing is, editing the network interfaces file:
| sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces |
Although the IP address you want to use might be different, make your /etc/network/interfaces look like this:
| auto eth0 # The loopback interface
iface eth0 inet static # Tells your Raspberry Pi to use a static IP address address 192.168.2.25 # Defines the static ip address network 192.168.2.0 # Defines the network family |
You can save the adjustments you made to your /etc/network/interfaces file by pressing ctrl o
Press ctrl x to exit
After saving your new settings, you need to activate them by restarting your network components:
| sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart |
Suggestions for improving this article are welcome, please let me know and drop me a line .
Remove X or create a headless server on a Raspberry Pi
As I use my Raspberry Pi as a headless server, I thought it would be a good idea to clean up unnecessary files. After studying some material from others and several attempts later, I distilled the following steps…
Login to your Raspberry Pi, so open a terminal and use SSH…
Step – 1: To get rid of orphaned files later, we are going to install a program called deborphan first:
| sudo apt-get install deborphan |
Step – 2: Next we are going to remove all desktops from your Raspbian (if you don’t want to remove samba, remove it from the following command!):
| sudo apt-get remove –auto-remove –purge libx11-.* lxde-.* raspberrypi-artwork xkb-data omxplayer penguinspuzzle sgml-base xml-core cifs-.* samba-.* fonts-.* desktop-* gnome-.* |
Step – 3: Now we are going to remove all orphaned files:
| sudo apt-get remove –purge $(deborphan) |
Step – 4: After that it is time to remove the unnecessary packages that are not orphaned:
| sudo apt-get autoremove |
Step – 5: You can even free up more space by removing the locales:
| sudo apt-get install locale:purge: sudo localepurge |
Step – 6: Clean up some more:
| sudo apt-get clean |
Step – 7: You might need to reinstall the following packages for squeezelite:
| sudo apt-get install -y libflac-dev libfaad2 libmad0 |
Step – 8: Reboot If you want, else stop start the service:
| sudo shutdown -r now |
By doing a “before and after“, you can see the difference:
| df -h /dev/root |
Suggestions for improving this article are welcome, please let me know and drop me a line .